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english to swahili grammar pdf
Additionally, the verb kuwa "to be" has an irregular imperative form: iwe (pl.
Note that the standalone form of the 2nd person plural prefix m- is not *m but mu.
If you're trying to learn Swahili which is also called Kiswahili, check our courses about adjectives, adverbs, articles, gender (feminine, masculine...), negation, nouns, numbers, phrases, plural, prepositions, pronouns, questions, verbs, vocabulary, excercises...to help you with your Swahili grammar.Below are our free Swahili lessons. Animate nouns (i.e. The word akawe in the above sentence could also be replaced with ili awe "in order that he be" or simply the subjunctive awe "that he be" (or "(for him) to be" in more natural contemporary English), but the -ka- added to this word emphasises his becoming an ambassador immediately following his being dispatched.
Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative).
The word ikiwa is itself the situational form of the verb -wa "to be", with the class 9 subject prefix i-, literally meaning on its own essentially "if it is". and not *jifunza. Morphological and syntactic noun classes often diverge, especially when it comes to nouns referring to people and animals which do not belong to the morphological noun class 1/2, signalled by m-wa.
On this page you can read or download swahili to english worksheets pdf in PDF format. There are also irregular relativised forms for the present tense as well as an irregular unique continuative form. It roughly carries the meaning "and then" and makes the use of na "and" or halafu / kisha "then" essentially redundant. There are two irrealis verb forms, one which may be called "present irrealis" (marked by -nge-) and one which may be called "past irrealis" (marked by -ngali-). There is another means of deriving causative verbs and which results from an earlier -y- in the language.
Forms of the emphatic copula are frequently equivalent to a definite phrase in translation and are followed by relative verb forms as in the following example: Compare the above with the non-emphatic version of the same sentence: Location is indicated in the present tense by prefixing the subject concord to one of the locative clitics -po, -ko and -mo.
It is also possible to use the infinitive/gerund form which begins with ku- or, for a couple of verbs only, kw-, such as kusema "to say", kuandika "to write", kula "to eat".
Class 14 usually has no plural at all, but in rare instances class 6 is used to form a plural for these nouns, for example ugonjwa "sickness, disease", magonjwa "diseases".
The most notable departure from the nominal inflection pattern among inflecting adjectives is the replacement of the nominal u- prefix in class 11 (and generally also 14) with the adjectival m- prefix. In each case, the passive form is one syllable longer and falls into the category of common verbs and thus does not receive the extension -ku- anywhere in its conjugation. The past tense is used in Swahili to talk about actions or states in the past, whether in the near or the distant past. The adjective -ingine "other", is sometimes given inflections prefixes of the type found with determiners, following a verbal rather than a nominal pattern. This -ku- disappears in verb forms where the stress is allowed to fall on a subject or object prefix, or on certain other TAM prefixes (-a-, hu-, -ki-, -ka-, -ku-, -si-). The genitive preposition -a (sometimes termed a "connector", "possessive" or "associative" preposition) has a similar role to that of the genitive case of some other languages. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. Similarly, mwanamume "man" becomes wanaume "men" in plural, although the singular form mwanaume is also common.
A full 20 pages of exercises in Swahili to help you learn the key words and phrases in the language. The perfect is formed in the positive with the prefix -me-.
For the subject, there are both negative and positive forms, while there are only positive forms for objects.
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