The fortunes of the Cholas suffered a serious setback, when, according to a tradition recorded in Manimekalaia good part of the port town of Puhar was engulfed by the sea in terrific tidal waves, during the reign of the later Chola king Killivalavan. Early classical Tamil literature is represented by eight anthologies of lyrics, 10 long poems, and a grammar called the, preserved Tamil literature, the so-called Sangam poetry anthologies, dates from the 1st century. Paripādal has many hymns for Murukan and Thirumal. The poems show great variety of form and adherence to rules of grammar. There were Tamil association established by Pandian Kings at South Madurai (Submerged in to Sea) to Protect and Develop Tamil language and its Ethical Poetry. Paripatal, the eighth collection, contains poems of both types.

As mentioned before, Tamil legends talk about three Sangams: All the works of the first two Sangams except Tolkappiyam (2nd Sangam work) are lost. Forts were also built. This period lasted from 200 to 600 CE. Many of the poems, especially on heroism, display great freshness and vigour and are singularly free from the literary conceits of much of the other early and medieval literatures of India. The author’s aim was to propagate Buddhism in South India as the work espouses the values of Buddhism over other religions of the time. This was built with the labour of 12,000 slaves who were brought as capitves from Sri Lanka.

The Sangam means an ‘association’. The Sangam literature (Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், Sanga ilakkiyam) is the ancient Tamil literature of the period in the history of ancient southern India (known as the Thamizhagam or the Tamilagam) spanning from c. 300 BCE to 300 CE. And would you agree that ‘Tom Jones is so simple that it makes no great demand on you as a reader’, MEG-04 Apects of Language Solved Assignment 2019-2020, A Survey Course in 20th Century Canadian Literature, COMPARATIVE LITERATURE THEORY AND PRACTICE, Contemporary Indian Literature in English Translation, Social and Political Thought in Modern India, The determinants of India’s foreign policy. By continuing to use our website, you agree to our. They are described as being of “fine physique and strange speech” whose “well-built boats rode the waves of foaming rivers”.

The Cholas, Pandyas and Keralaputras (Cheras) mentioned in the Asokan inscriptions were probably in the late megalithic phase of material culture.

The people were tolerant and the followers of the various religions lived together peacefully. You have entered an incorrect email address! He routed his rivals and established his cousin securely on the throne. Equally interesting are the comments and point of view of these writers, so ancient in their age yet so modern in their assessment of human nature. Agananuru, compiled by Rudrasarman, consists of love poems. Medieval saint-poets and litterateurs from sixth century CE allude to the Sangam works. compiled—Ainkurunuru, Kuruntokai, Narrinai, Akananuru, Kalittokai, The Romans set up two regiments at Muziris identical with Cranganore in the Chera country to protect their interests. External trade was carried on between South India and Hellenistic kingdom of Egypt and Arabia as well as the Malay Archipelago. 0. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Tolkappiyam was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work . Tamil, one of the classical languages of the world has a continuous history of literature for more than 2500 years.

Which is the earliest of Tamil literature? This period is known as the Sangam Period. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. In total, there are about 2300 poems that are attributable to 473 poets. This is entire different from what has been mentioned in the Iraiyanar Akapporul and Sangam legend. 415. The imported coins were mostly used as bullions. It is said that they also built there a temple of Augustus. So most of the Sangam literature also must have been produced during this period. Some of the poems were sung in a specific raga, accompanied by a string and a wind instrument. The most important among them is the Thirukkural, also simply called the Kural. The institution of Kavalmaram or Kadimaram was also prevalent. The Sangam means an association. Today we have anthologies of more than 2000 poems by numerous poets composed under the patronage of various rulers. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. They set the mood for the poem. Both Ettutogai and Pattuppattu were divided into two main groups – Aham (love) and Puram (valour). August 6, 2018. The Ancient Tamil Siddhar Agastyar is traditionally believed to have chaired the first Tamil Sangam in Madurai. Historic period of Tamil literature. According to the Tamil legends, there were three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) held in the ancient South India popularly called Muchchangam. In an assembly presided over by the Pandya king, and an audience comprising nobility and the common citizenry, wordsmiths presented their works at court to be rewarded by the king and be evaluated by their peers. The eight anthologies (Ettutogai) also are in two groups, the Aham and the Puram. Content Guidelines 2.